Electrochemical inclusion of catechol into singlewalled carbon nanotubes: application for sensors
- Authors: Oni, Joshua , Limson, Janice
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/431090 , vital:72743 , xlink:href="10.1109/BioCAS.2014.6981727"
- Description: We report on the use of catechol for the electrochemical activation of acid-functionalised single-walled carbon nanotubes immobilised on glassy carbon electrodes. Following well-published methods for catechol activation of bare glassy carbon electrodes, these studies show the efficacy of extending the method to activation of carbon nanotubes. Voltammetric scans in catechol show an increase in current response of 37 μA for the catechol redox pair over a maximum of three cycles during the catechol activation step. An increase in the ease of electron flow is indicated by a larger value for K app , which corresponds to a decrease in R ct obtained during impedance measurements. Catechol activation enhanced electron transfer, potentially afforded by an ease of electron passage due to a decrease in the resistance of the layer.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Oni, Joshua , Limson, Janice
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/431090 , vital:72743 , xlink:href="10.1109/BioCAS.2014.6981727"
- Description: We report on the use of catechol for the electrochemical activation of acid-functionalised single-walled carbon nanotubes immobilised on glassy carbon electrodes. Following well-published methods for catechol activation of bare glassy carbon electrodes, these studies show the efficacy of extending the method to activation of carbon nanotubes. Voltammetric scans in catechol show an increase in current response of 37 μA for the catechol redox pair over a maximum of three cycles during the catechol activation step. An increase in the ease of electron flow is indicated by a larger value for K app , which corresponds to a decrease in R ct obtained during impedance measurements. Catechol activation enhanced electron transfer, potentially afforded by an ease of electron passage due to a decrease in the resistance of the layer.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Electrochemical behavior and detection of dopamine and ascorbic acid at an iron (II) tetrasulfophthalocyanine modified carbon paste microelectrode
- Oni, Joshua, Westbroek, Philippe, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Oni, Joshua , Westbroek, Philippe , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/290279 , vital:56735 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.200390104"
- Description: In this article the electrocatalytic behavior of an iron(II)tetrasulfophthalocyanine modified carbon paste microelectrode for the oxidation of dopamine (DA) and ascorbic acid (AA) is described. Although the oxidation potential of ascorbic acid is shifted by over 100 mV to more positive potentials, no peak separation could be obtained. This can be explained by the immediate homogeneous reduction of the oxidation product of dopamine by ascorbic acid in solution. However, this reaction induces a shift of the half-wave potential as a function of ratio of concentration of dopamine to ascorbic acid (cDA/cAA). Therefore it was possible to determine the cAA and cDA from this potential shift and the experimental peak current. Detection limits of 4.5±0.2×10−7 and 7.5±0.5×10−7 mol L−1 were obtained respectively for dopamine and ascorbic acid for cDA/cAA>0.01.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Oni, Joshua , Westbroek, Philippe , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/290279 , vital:56735 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.200390104"
- Description: In this article the electrocatalytic behavior of an iron(II)tetrasulfophthalocyanine modified carbon paste microelectrode for the oxidation of dopamine (DA) and ascorbic acid (AA) is described. Although the oxidation potential of ascorbic acid is shifted by over 100 mV to more positive potentials, no peak separation could be obtained. This can be explained by the immediate homogeneous reduction of the oxidation product of dopamine by ascorbic acid in solution. However, this reaction induces a shift of the half-wave potential as a function of ratio of concentration of dopamine to ascorbic acid (cDA/cAA). Therefore it was possible to determine the cAA and cDA from this potential shift and the experimental peak current. Detection limits of 4.5±0.2×10−7 and 7.5±0.5×10−7 mol L−1 were obtained respectively for dopamine and ascorbic acid for cDA/cAA>0.01.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
Spectrophotometric and electrochemical studies of the interaction between iron (II) tetrasulfophthalocyanine and histamine
- Oni, Joshua, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Oni, Joshua , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/289629 , vital:56657 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S1088424602000233"
- Description: The interaction between iron(II) tetrasulfophthalocyanine ([FeIITSPc]4+) and histamine results in the oxidation of the central metal by oxygen in the former, with the formation of a complex denoted as [(His)FeIIITSPc]3− (where His = histamine). The rate constant for the formation of the complex is kf = 2.41 × 10−2dm3.mol−1.s−1 and an equilibrium constant of 6.3 dm3.mol-1 was obtained. The oxidation state of the central metal of [FeIITSPc]4− before and after the coordination of histamine is confirmed by spectroelectrochemistry. Further electrochemical oxidation of this [(His)FeIIITsPc]3− derivative results in a metal-based process proposed to involve an FeIV phthalocyanine species.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: Oni, Joshua , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/289629 , vital:56657 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S1088424602000233"
- Description: The interaction between iron(II) tetrasulfophthalocyanine ([FeIITSPc]4+) and histamine results in the oxidation of the central metal by oxygen in the former, with the formation of a complex denoted as [(His)FeIIITSPc]3− (where His = histamine). The rate constant for the formation of the complex is kf = 2.41 × 10−2dm3.mol−1.s−1 and an equilibrium constant of 6.3 dm3.mol-1 was obtained. The oxidation state of the central metal of [FeIITSPc]4− before and after the coordination of histamine is confirmed by spectroelectrochemistry. Further electrochemical oxidation of this [(His)FeIIITsPc]3− derivative results in a metal-based process proposed to involve an FeIV phthalocyanine species.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
Voltammetric detection of vitamin B1 at carbon paste electrodes and its determination in tablets
- Oni, Joshua, Westbroek, Philippe, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Oni, Joshua , Westbroek, Philippe , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/289692 , vital:56663 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-4109(200209)14"
- Description: The voltammetric behavior of vitamin B1 in alkaline medium at carbon paste electrode (CPE) is discussed. A method based on cyclic voltammetry for the determination of vitamin B1 at carbon paste electrode modified with manganese phthalocyanine (MnPc-CPE) is presented. In pH 10 buffer, the modified electrode showed catalytic activity towards the oxidation of vitamin B1 by considerably increasing the oxidation current of one of the observed waves compared to the oxidation current obtained at an unmodified electrode. The modified electrode was stable towards the determination of vitamin B1 compared to the unmodified electrode that is completely poisoned after a few scans. A linear relationship between the oxidation current and the concentration of vitamin B1 in solution was observed. The detection limit for vitamin B1 at the modified electrode was of the order of 10−5 mol dm−3. Commercial vitamin B1 tablets were analyzed using the modified electrodes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: Oni, Joshua , Westbroek, Philippe , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/289692 , vital:56663 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-4109(200209)14"
- Description: The voltammetric behavior of vitamin B1 in alkaline medium at carbon paste electrode (CPE) is discussed. A method based on cyclic voltammetry for the determination of vitamin B1 at carbon paste electrode modified with manganese phthalocyanine (MnPc-CPE) is presented. In pH 10 buffer, the modified electrode showed catalytic activity towards the oxidation of vitamin B1 by considerably increasing the oxidation current of one of the observed waves compared to the oxidation current obtained at an unmodified electrode. The modified electrode was stable towards the determination of vitamin B1 compared to the unmodified electrode that is completely poisoned after a few scans. A linear relationship between the oxidation current and the concentration of vitamin B1 in solution was observed. The detection limit for vitamin B1 at the modified electrode was of the order of 10−5 mol dm−3. Commercial vitamin B1 tablets were analyzed using the modified electrodes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
Voltammetric detection of vitamin B1 at carbon paste electrodes and its determination in tablets
- Oni, Joshua, Westbroek, Philippe, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Oni, Joshua , Westbroek, Philippe , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/289678 , vital:56662 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-4109(200209)14"
- Description: The voltammetric behavior of vitamin B1 in alkaline medium at carbon paste electrode (CPE) is discussed. A method based on cyclic voltammetry for the determination of vitamin B1 at carbon paste electrode modified with manganese phthalocyanine (MnPc-CPE) is presented. In pH 10 buffer, the modified electrode showed catalytic activity towards the oxidation of vitamin B1 by considerably increasing the oxidation current of one of the observed waves compared to the oxidation current obtained at an unmodified electrode. The modified electrode was stable towards the determination of vitamin B1 compared to the unmodified electrode that is completely poisoned after a few scans. A linear relationship between the oxidation current and the concentration of vitamin B1 in solution was observed. The detection limit for vitamin B1 at the modified electrode was of the order of 10−5 mol dm−3. Commercial vitamin B1 tablets were analyzed using the modified electrodes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: Oni, Joshua , Westbroek, Philippe , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/289678 , vital:56662 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-4109(200209)14"
- Description: The voltammetric behavior of vitamin B1 in alkaline medium at carbon paste electrode (CPE) is discussed. A method based on cyclic voltammetry for the determination of vitamin B1 at carbon paste electrode modified with manganese phthalocyanine (MnPc-CPE) is presented. In pH 10 buffer, the modified electrode showed catalytic activity towards the oxidation of vitamin B1 by considerably increasing the oxidation current of one of the observed waves compared to the oxidation current obtained at an unmodified electrode. The modified electrode was stable towards the determination of vitamin B1 compared to the unmodified electrode that is completely poisoned after a few scans. A linear relationship between the oxidation current and the concentration of vitamin B1 in solution was observed. The detection limit for vitamin B1 at the modified electrode was of the order of 10−5 mol dm−3. Commercial vitamin B1 tablets were analyzed using the modified electrodes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
Construction and characterization of carbon paste ultra-microelectrodes
- Oni, Joshua, Westbroek, Philippe, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Oni, Joshua , Westbroek, Philippe , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/291531 , vital:56884 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1388-2481(01)00212-0"
- Description: The construction and characterization of carbon paste ultra-microelectrodes is reported. Besides a disc-shaped electrode, a carbon paste band electrode is studied. It was found that for both electrode configurations steady-state currents were obtained but that with the type of electrode material used for the band electrode, the upper limit of ultra-microelectrode dimensions, which could be used was 100–150 μm. Smaller dimensions for the band electrodes resulted in a high resistance due to the limited conductivity of the carbon paste, when using the optimal paste composition. With cyclic voltammetry, the oxidation of [Fe(CN)6]4− was studied at individual constructed electrodes and at ensembles of individual electrodes. Detection limits of less than 10−6moll−1 were obtained. Using the data of the same curves it was possible to test if the electrodes have errors and about 20% of the constructed electrodes did not pass this test. Finally it was found that these electrodes show good stability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
- Authors: Oni, Joshua , Westbroek, Philippe , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/291531 , vital:56884 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1388-2481(01)00212-0"
- Description: The construction and characterization of carbon paste ultra-microelectrodes is reported. Besides a disc-shaped electrode, a carbon paste band electrode is studied. It was found that for both electrode configurations steady-state currents were obtained but that with the type of electrode material used for the band electrode, the upper limit of ultra-microelectrode dimensions, which could be used was 100–150 μm. Smaller dimensions for the band electrodes resulted in a high resistance due to the limited conductivity of the carbon paste, when using the optimal paste composition. With cyclic voltammetry, the oxidation of [Fe(CN)6]4− was studied at individual constructed electrodes and at ensembles of individual electrodes. Detection limits of less than 10−6moll−1 were obtained. Using the data of the same curves it was possible to test if the electrodes have errors and about 20% of the constructed electrodes did not pass this test. Finally it was found that these electrodes show good stability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
Simultaneous voltammetric determination of dopamine and serotonin on carbon paste electrodes modified with iron (II) phthalocyanine complexes
- Oni, Joshua, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Oni, Joshua , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/291603 , vital:56891 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(01)00822-4"
- Description: Carbon paste electrodes (CPE) containing iron(II) phthalocyanine (FePc) and iron(II) tetrasulfophthalocyanine ([FeTSPc]4−) were used for the detection of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT). Both complexes showed catalytic activity towards the detection of DA and 5-HT. The catalytic activities of [FeTSPc]4− and FePc are compared with those of [CoTSPc]4−, [NiTSPc] 4−, CoPc and NiPc complexes and with those of metal(II) tetraaminophthalocyanines (MTAPc, where M=Ni, Co or Fe) complexes. A significant improvement in the reversibility of the DA oxidation couple was observed on [FeTSPc]4− and FePc modified CPE. [FeTSPc]4− and other [MTSPc]4− modified electrodes inhibited the detection of ascorbic acid (AA), a major interferent in the detection of DA. Simultaneous detection of DA and 5-HT on [FeTSPc]4− modified CPE, in the presence of AA, showed that AA does not interfere with the determination of both species. Also no interference between DA and 5-HT was observed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
- Authors: Oni, Joshua , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/291603 , vital:56891 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(01)00822-4"
- Description: Carbon paste electrodes (CPE) containing iron(II) phthalocyanine (FePc) and iron(II) tetrasulfophthalocyanine ([FeTSPc]4−) were used for the detection of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT). Both complexes showed catalytic activity towards the detection of DA and 5-HT. The catalytic activities of [FeTSPc]4− and FePc are compared with those of [CoTSPc]4−, [NiTSPc] 4−, CoPc and NiPc complexes and with those of metal(II) tetraaminophthalocyanines (MTAPc, where M=Ni, Co or Fe) complexes. A significant improvement in the reversibility of the DA oxidation couple was observed on [FeTSPc]4− and FePc modified CPE. [FeTSPc]4− and other [MTSPc]4− modified electrodes inhibited the detection of ascorbic acid (AA), a major interferent in the detection of DA. Simultaneous detection of DA and 5-HT on [FeTSPc]4− modified CPE, in the presence of AA, showed that AA does not interfere with the determination of both species. Also no interference between DA and 5-HT was observed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
Interaction between iron (II) tetrasulfophthalocyanine and the neurotransmitters, serotonin and dopamine
- Oni, Joshua, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Oni, Joshua , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/293223 , vital:57066 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-5387(00)00421-6"
- Description: This work reports on the kinetics of interaction of iron(II) tetrasulfophthalocyanine, [FeTSPc]4−, with dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT). The interaction results in the coordination of dopamine and serotonin to [FeTSPc]4−, followed by internal electron transfer and the formation of [(DA+)FeITSPc]4− and [(5-HT+) FeITSPc]4− complexes, respectively. The rate constants for the coordination of dopamine or serotonin to [FeTSPc]4− and the formation of the FeITSPc species were found to be kf=6.8 and 9.3 dm3 mol−1 s−1, respectively. The equilibrium constants were 2.2×103 and 1.5×103 dm3 mol−1, respectively, for the interaction of dopamine or serotonin to [FeTSPc]4−.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
- Authors: Oni, Joshua , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/293223 , vital:57066 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-5387(00)00421-6"
- Description: This work reports on the kinetics of interaction of iron(II) tetrasulfophthalocyanine, [FeTSPc]4−, with dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT). The interaction results in the coordination of dopamine and serotonin to [FeTSPc]4−, followed by internal electron transfer and the formation of [(DA+)FeITSPc]4− and [(5-HT+) FeITSPc]4− complexes, respectively. The rate constants for the coordination of dopamine or serotonin to [FeTSPc]4− and the formation of the FeITSPc species were found to be kf=6.8 and 9.3 dm3 mol−1 s−1, respectively. The equilibrium constants were 2.2×103 and 1.5×103 dm3 mol−1, respectively, for the interaction of dopamine or serotonin to [FeTSPc]4−.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
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