Production potential of lucerne (Medicago sativa) over-sown into kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) based pasture
- Fourie, Ilze, Du Preez, Derek
- Authors: Fourie, Ilze , Du Preez, Derek
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Alfalfa -- South Africa , Field crops , Agriculture -- South Africa , Botany -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/39918 , vital:35510
- Description: Dairy farming in the southern Cape region of South Africa is based on irrigated kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) over-sown with different ryegrass species (Lolium spp.). Although this system can be highly productive, sustainable production of kikuyu is dependent on expensive nitrogen (N) fertiliser inputs and irrigation due to a high water requirement to maintain production. The introduction of lucerne (Medicago sativa) into pasture systems can lower the risk of high input cost and droughts. Lucerne has a high nutritive value, is able to fix atmospheric N, has high water-use efficiency and is adapted to local climatic conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the DM production potential of lucerne cultivars from various dormancy groups when over-sown into an existing kikuyu pasture base on soils that are suitable for lucerne cultivation, without any N fertiliser application. The study was carried out on the Outeniqua Research Farm near George, Western Cape. Two cultivars were selected from each of the four lucerne dormancy groups and sown into an existing kikuyu pasture based on soils suited for lucerne cultivation. Three establishment methods namely glyphosate/planter (Gly/Plant), glyphosate/rotavator (Gly/Rot) and rotavator (Rot) were used. The statistical design was a randomised block design with three replicates. The botanical composition (lucerne-, kikuyu-, clover-, grass- and weed content), growth rate (kg DM ha-1 day-1), total DM production (kg DM ha-1) and DM content of the treatments were determined before every grazing. The nutritional value (CP-, ME-, NDF-, Ca-, and P content) of the treatments was determined seasonally. Establishing lucerne into kikuyu with the glyphosate/rotavator (Gly/Rot) and rotavator (Rot) method yielded an overall higher percentage of established seedlings compared to the glyphosate/planter (Gly/Plant) establishment method. The establishment method used affected the botanical composition. Lucerne established with the Gly/Plant or Gly/Rot establishment method into kikuyu had a higher lucerne content than the Rot establishment method. The seasonal growth rates of the kikuyu-lucerne pasture varied between 14.8 kg DM ha-1 day-1 during winter to 84.1 kg DM ha-1 day-1 during summer. The establishment method and cultivar influenced the seasonal growth rate and total seasonal production. The cultivar WL 711 established with Gly/Plant establishment method had the highest or did not differ significantly from the highest lucerne content, seasonal growth rate and total seasonal production within seasons. The total annual production ranged between 13805 to 19975 kg DM ha-1 year-1 with the Gly/Plant establishment method yielding the highest or did not differ significantly from the highest annual production when compared with the other establishment methods. The botanical composition affects the nutritive value of the kikuyu-lucerne pasture. The ME content of kikuyu and kikuyu-lucerne pasture did not meet the daily ME requirements for a lactating dairy cow to maintain milk production throughout both years. The CP and Ca content decreased as the lucerne content decreased and the kikuyu content increased. The P content of kikuyu-lucerne and kikuyu pasture met the daily P requirement of a lactating dairy cow. The dormancy groups D2 and D5 were the only dormancy groups that could meet the recommended Ca:P ratio for dairy cows over all the seasons. Lucerne can be successfully established into kikuyu with the use of herbicide as part of the establishment method. Kikuyu-lucerne pasture has a higher DM production with an improved quality compared to kikuyu pasture. By establishing lucerne into kikuyu the cost of N fertiliser application could be lowered as no N needs to be applied.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Fourie, Ilze , Du Preez, Derek
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Alfalfa -- South Africa , Field crops , Agriculture -- South Africa , Botany -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/39918 , vital:35510
- Description: Dairy farming in the southern Cape region of South Africa is based on irrigated kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) over-sown with different ryegrass species (Lolium spp.). Although this system can be highly productive, sustainable production of kikuyu is dependent on expensive nitrogen (N) fertiliser inputs and irrigation due to a high water requirement to maintain production. The introduction of lucerne (Medicago sativa) into pasture systems can lower the risk of high input cost and droughts. Lucerne has a high nutritive value, is able to fix atmospheric N, has high water-use efficiency and is adapted to local climatic conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the DM production potential of lucerne cultivars from various dormancy groups when over-sown into an existing kikuyu pasture base on soils that are suitable for lucerne cultivation, without any N fertiliser application. The study was carried out on the Outeniqua Research Farm near George, Western Cape. Two cultivars were selected from each of the four lucerne dormancy groups and sown into an existing kikuyu pasture based on soils suited for lucerne cultivation. Three establishment methods namely glyphosate/planter (Gly/Plant), glyphosate/rotavator (Gly/Rot) and rotavator (Rot) were used. The statistical design was a randomised block design with three replicates. The botanical composition (lucerne-, kikuyu-, clover-, grass- and weed content), growth rate (kg DM ha-1 day-1), total DM production (kg DM ha-1) and DM content of the treatments were determined before every grazing. The nutritional value (CP-, ME-, NDF-, Ca-, and P content) of the treatments was determined seasonally. Establishing lucerne into kikuyu with the glyphosate/rotavator (Gly/Rot) and rotavator (Rot) method yielded an overall higher percentage of established seedlings compared to the glyphosate/planter (Gly/Plant) establishment method. The establishment method used affected the botanical composition. Lucerne established with the Gly/Plant or Gly/Rot establishment method into kikuyu had a higher lucerne content than the Rot establishment method. The seasonal growth rates of the kikuyu-lucerne pasture varied between 14.8 kg DM ha-1 day-1 during winter to 84.1 kg DM ha-1 day-1 during summer. The establishment method and cultivar influenced the seasonal growth rate and total seasonal production. The cultivar WL 711 established with Gly/Plant establishment method had the highest or did not differ significantly from the highest lucerne content, seasonal growth rate and total seasonal production within seasons. The total annual production ranged between 13805 to 19975 kg DM ha-1 year-1 with the Gly/Plant establishment method yielding the highest or did not differ significantly from the highest annual production when compared with the other establishment methods. The botanical composition affects the nutritive value of the kikuyu-lucerne pasture. The ME content of kikuyu and kikuyu-lucerne pasture did not meet the daily ME requirements for a lactating dairy cow to maintain milk production throughout both years. The CP and Ca content decreased as the lucerne content decreased and the kikuyu content increased. The P content of kikuyu-lucerne and kikuyu pasture met the daily P requirement of a lactating dairy cow. The dormancy groups D2 and D5 were the only dormancy groups that could meet the recommended Ca:P ratio for dairy cows over all the seasons. Lucerne can be successfully established into kikuyu with the use of herbicide as part of the establishment method. Kikuyu-lucerne pasture has a higher DM production with an improved quality compared to kikuyu pasture. By establishing lucerne into kikuyu the cost of N fertiliser application could be lowered as no N needs to be applied.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
The effectiveness of agricultural extension as perceived by small scale farm holders
- Authors: Olufayo, Ayowumi Motunrayo
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Agricultural extension work -- South Africa , Agriculture -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10592 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019765
- Description: Empirical studies have suggested that agricultural extension can increase agricultural productivity. However, the increase in productivity is dependent on a number of issues. As a result, this particular study was conducted among farmers in order to examine the relationship between the provision of extension services and increased productivity in a regional context. The perceptions of vegetable home gardeners resident in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan area, who participated in the Siyazondla Homestead Production Programme, formed the source of the primary data. The views of these farmers were analysed to determine how extension services affected their performance. The findings revealed that the farmers have a good perception of the extension services, although this negatively correlates with their level of performance. In addition, the data indicate that farmers who had a poor perception of extension services tend to achieve high production while those with a good impression of services had a poor performance. It was however observed that level of education, farming experience and exposure to print media influenced the responses that were captured in the study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Olufayo, Ayowumi Motunrayo
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Agricultural extension work -- South Africa , Agriculture -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10592 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019765
- Description: Empirical studies have suggested that agricultural extension can increase agricultural productivity. However, the increase in productivity is dependent on a number of issues. As a result, this particular study was conducted among farmers in order to examine the relationship between the provision of extension services and increased productivity in a regional context. The perceptions of vegetable home gardeners resident in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan area, who participated in the Siyazondla Homestead Production Programme, formed the source of the primary data. The views of these farmers were analysed to determine how extension services affected their performance. The findings revealed that the farmers have a good perception of the extension services, although this negatively correlates with their level of performance. In addition, the data indicate that farmers who had a poor perception of extension services tend to achieve high production while those with a good impression of services had a poor performance. It was however observed that level of education, farming experience and exposure to print media influenced the responses that were captured in the study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Re-thinking rural development through agriculture
- Matunhu, Jephias (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8415-5867)
- Authors: Matunhu, Jephias (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8415-5867)
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Rural development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agriculture -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24532 , vital:63067
- Description: This study addresses the problem of abject rural poverty in the post-apartheid South Africa with specific reference to the Amathole Rural District (ARD) in the Eastern Cape Province (the poorest province in the country). Abject poverty is conceptualized as inability to meet the basic human needs such as food, water, shelter and clothes. The study is premised in the revisionist trajectory of rural economic development, which regards agriculture as the ‘engine’ for rural development. The thesis addressed the following issues on rural poverty reduction in the ARD; the efficacy of rural agriculture in rural poverty reduction, value-adding to rural farm produce, support that is required and social factors that may affect the residents’ ability to fight poverty through agriculture? The thesis adopted the concurrent transformative mixed research methodology; and data were collected from a purposive sample of 138 respondents using unstructured interviews and semi-structured questionnaires. Data were collected with the help of research assistance. The study established that the ARD residents were keen to fight abject poverty through rural agriculture but were constrained by the lack of arable land, financial resources, technological support, corruption and HIV/AIDs. In view of the above findings, the thesis concluded that deep collaboration and participation of strategic partners such as government, the rural residents, NGOs and the business sector is essential in the implementation of pro-poor strategies in the ARD. The thesis also called for further research into the following areas that have a direct influence on the efficacy of rural agriculture on the ARD’s development; ICT and development, the rural residents’ attitude towards savings and on the political economy of cooperative ventures in rural agriculture. The thesis also encouraged further research to establish new linkages and roles of the following pertinent partners in ARD’s development; government, the rural residents, NGOs and the business sector. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2010
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Matunhu, Jephias (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8415-5867)
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Rural development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agriculture -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24532 , vital:63067
- Description: This study addresses the problem of abject rural poverty in the post-apartheid South Africa with specific reference to the Amathole Rural District (ARD) in the Eastern Cape Province (the poorest province in the country). Abject poverty is conceptualized as inability to meet the basic human needs such as food, water, shelter and clothes. The study is premised in the revisionist trajectory of rural economic development, which regards agriculture as the ‘engine’ for rural development. The thesis addressed the following issues on rural poverty reduction in the ARD; the efficacy of rural agriculture in rural poverty reduction, value-adding to rural farm produce, support that is required and social factors that may affect the residents’ ability to fight poverty through agriculture? The thesis adopted the concurrent transformative mixed research methodology; and data were collected from a purposive sample of 138 respondents using unstructured interviews and semi-structured questionnaires. Data were collected with the help of research assistance. The study established that the ARD residents were keen to fight abject poverty through rural agriculture but were constrained by the lack of arable land, financial resources, technological support, corruption and HIV/AIDs. In view of the above findings, the thesis concluded that deep collaboration and participation of strategic partners such as government, the rural residents, NGOs and the business sector is essential in the implementation of pro-poor strategies in the ARD. The thesis also called for further research into the following areas that have a direct influence on the efficacy of rural agriculture on the ARD’s development; ICT and development, the rural residents’ attitude towards savings and on the political economy of cooperative ventures in rural agriculture. The thesis also encouraged further research to establish new linkages and roles of the following pertinent partners in ARD’s development; government, the rural residents, NGOs and the business sector. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2010
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
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