Validation and adaptation of statistical models based on the SAPS III score to predict in-hospital mortality in a South African ICU
- Authors: Pazi, Sisa
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Police -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Statistics – South Africa , Mortality – South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61360 , vital:70602
- Description: In-hospital mortality prediction remains an important task in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). In particular, the estimated in-hospital mortality risk is essential to describe case-mix, for research and clinical auditing purposes. Furthermore, in settings with limited hospital resources (e.g beds) such as the South African public health care system, the estimated in-hospital mortality risk is essential for resource allocation and to inform local patient triage guidelines. Commonly used models for prediction of in-hospital mortality in ICU patients includes, but not limited to, the Simplified Acute Physiology Score III (SAPS III). The SAPS III model was developed in 2005. Notably, the SAPS III model was developed without data collected from African based hospitals. Given the general application of the SAPS III model, including benchmarking and quality control, the development of such a model based on local data is of paramount importance. To this end, this study developed a model for prediction of in-hospital mortality based on data collected in a hospital in South Africa. Logistic regression modelling was used to develop the proposed mortality risk assessment model. The results indicated that the proposed model exhibited superior discrimination and classification abilities compared to the SAPS III model. Future research includes the external validation of the proposed model in different hospitals in South Africa. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, School of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Pazi, Sisa
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Police -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Statistics – South Africa , Mortality – South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61360 , vital:70602
- Description: In-hospital mortality prediction remains an important task in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). In particular, the estimated in-hospital mortality risk is essential to describe case-mix, for research and clinical auditing purposes. Furthermore, in settings with limited hospital resources (e.g beds) such as the South African public health care system, the estimated in-hospital mortality risk is essential for resource allocation and to inform local patient triage guidelines. Commonly used models for prediction of in-hospital mortality in ICU patients includes, but not limited to, the Simplified Acute Physiology Score III (SAPS III). The SAPS III model was developed in 2005. Notably, the SAPS III model was developed without data collected from African based hospitals. Given the general application of the SAPS III model, including benchmarking and quality control, the development of such a model based on local data is of paramount importance. To this end, this study developed a model for prediction of in-hospital mortality based on data collected in a hospital in South Africa. Logistic regression modelling was used to develop the proposed mortality risk assessment model. The results indicated that the proposed model exhibited superior discrimination and classification abilities compared to the SAPS III model. Future research includes the external validation of the proposed model in different hospitals in South Africa. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, School of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, 2023
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- Date Issued: 2023-04
The sociology of police criminality and ill-discipline in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa
- Authors: Long, Amy Megan
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Police -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/17462 , vital:41078
- Description: Policing as a global concept, involves an exchange of trust between the public and a given police service, with the underlying basis of this exchange being an understanding that the police exist to protect citizens and their property, and to ensure that order is maintained in societies. The police services, by virtue of the nature of their role in society, can therefore be regarded as ‘protectors’. The South African Police Service are guided by the same philosophies as policing services globally. Recently in South Africa though, there has been an increase in reports accusing policemen of becoming involved in criminal activities themselves. With a focus on the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality policing district, this study presents and analyses incidences of undocumented police crimes; the causes thereof; and the role of disciplinary procedures (both internally and legally) in preventing such incidences of crime. This study utilised a qualitative methodology to gather and analyse data. A total of 60 serving police officers and 10 key informants were selected using purposive and snowball sampling. In-depth semi-structured interviews conducted with these police officers and key informants, reveal that police men and women are involved in violent and economic crimes in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality policing district. Most violent crimes include assault, and torture; whilst economic crimes include corruption and theft. Underlying reasons for such crimes include inadequate remuneration, frustration in respect of the efficacy of the criminal justice system, vigilantism within the policing services, and socially learned violence. Internal (within SAPS and IPID) and legal disciplinary measures (through the criminal and civil justice system) were established to be ineffective in managing and eradicating incidences of both violent and economic crimes. The consequences of incidences of police criminality are reduced legitimacy of the policing services to deliver on its mandate to protect and serve the people of the Republic of South Africa.
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- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Long, Amy Megan
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Police -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/17462 , vital:41078
- Description: Policing as a global concept, involves an exchange of trust between the public and a given police service, with the underlying basis of this exchange being an understanding that the police exist to protect citizens and their property, and to ensure that order is maintained in societies. The police services, by virtue of the nature of their role in society, can therefore be regarded as ‘protectors’. The South African Police Service are guided by the same philosophies as policing services globally. Recently in South Africa though, there has been an increase in reports accusing policemen of becoming involved in criminal activities themselves. With a focus on the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality policing district, this study presents and analyses incidences of undocumented police crimes; the causes thereof; and the role of disciplinary procedures (both internally and legally) in preventing such incidences of crime. This study utilised a qualitative methodology to gather and analyse data. A total of 60 serving police officers and 10 key informants were selected using purposive and snowball sampling. In-depth semi-structured interviews conducted with these police officers and key informants, reveal that police men and women are involved in violent and economic crimes in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality policing district. Most violent crimes include assault, and torture; whilst economic crimes include corruption and theft. Underlying reasons for such crimes include inadequate remuneration, frustration in respect of the efficacy of the criminal justice system, vigilantism within the policing services, and socially learned violence. Internal (within SAPS and IPID) and legal disciplinary measures (through the criminal and civil justice system) were established to be ineffective in managing and eradicating incidences of both violent and economic crimes. The consequences of incidences of police criminality are reduced legitimacy of the policing services to deliver on its mandate to protect and serve the people of the Republic of South Africa.
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- Date Issued: 2019
Conscientiousness as a moderator of the relationship between work family conflict and stress amongst South African Police Service (SAPS) members in Alice Police Station Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Bazana, Sandiso William
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Job stress -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Work and family -- Psychological aspects , Neuroses -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Police morale -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Police -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Conscience -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Conscientiousness , Work Family Conflict , Stress , Police
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom (Industrial Psychology)
- Identifier: vital:11551 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007030 , Job stress -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Work and family -- Psychological aspects , Neuroses -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Police morale -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Police -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Conscience -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Conscientiousness , Work Family Conflict , Stress , Police
- Description: The purpose of the study was to explore the relationship between WFC and stress with Conscientiousness which is part of the Big Five personality Traits Model in moderation. The study was undertaken in the South African Police Service members in Alice town in the Eastern Cape. The study was based on a sample size of eighty four (n=84) out of 134 (N=134) police officers. A simple convenient random sample was used to sample participants. With the use of descriptive, correlation and inferential statistics the finding revealed instead that Conscientiousness has no significant relationship with WFC at (r= 0.02792, p= 0.8022) also Conscientiousness had no significant relationship with stress at (r= -0.04465, p= 0.6885). Overall, after separating the group according to those that scored low and those that scored high on conscientiousness scale, the study found the group low in conscientiousness not significantly correlated with WFC and stress (r= -0.02263, p= 0.9414). and the group with a high conscientiousness the study revealed a high significant relationship for police officers that scored high on Conscientiousness at (r= 0.40119, p< 0.00). The group low in conscientiousness has no correlation between WFC and stress thus different values of conscientiousness cause a change in the relationship between WFC and stress. Thus those who are low in conscientiousness do not have a relationship between WFC and stress. A call is made to the SAPS as an institution to consider prioritizing personality trait particularly applicants that score low on conscientiousness personality test during recruitment and selection of new police officers to avoid the outcomes associated with the nature of police work.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Bazana, Sandiso William
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Job stress -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Work and family -- Psychological aspects , Neuroses -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Police morale -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Police -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Conscience -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Conscientiousness , Work Family Conflict , Stress , Police
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom (Industrial Psychology)
- Identifier: vital:11551 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007030 , Job stress -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Work and family -- Psychological aspects , Neuroses -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Police morale -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Police -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Conscience -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Conscientiousness , Work Family Conflict , Stress , Police
- Description: The purpose of the study was to explore the relationship between WFC and stress with Conscientiousness which is part of the Big Five personality Traits Model in moderation. The study was undertaken in the South African Police Service members in Alice town in the Eastern Cape. The study was based on a sample size of eighty four (n=84) out of 134 (N=134) police officers. A simple convenient random sample was used to sample participants. With the use of descriptive, correlation and inferential statistics the finding revealed instead that Conscientiousness has no significant relationship with WFC at (r= 0.02792, p= 0.8022) also Conscientiousness had no significant relationship with stress at (r= -0.04465, p= 0.6885). Overall, after separating the group according to those that scored low and those that scored high on conscientiousness scale, the study found the group low in conscientiousness not significantly correlated with WFC and stress (r= -0.02263, p= 0.9414). and the group with a high conscientiousness the study revealed a high significant relationship for police officers that scored high on Conscientiousness at (r= 0.40119, p< 0.00). The group low in conscientiousness has no correlation between WFC and stress thus different values of conscientiousness cause a change in the relationship between WFC and stress. Thus those who are low in conscientiousness do not have a relationship between WFC and stress. A call is made to the SAPS as an institution to consider prioritizing personality trait particularly applicants that score low on conscientiousness personality test during recruitment and selection of new police officers to avoid the outcomes associated with the nature of police work.
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- Date Issued: 2012
A study on the knowledge and skills of police officers in handling mentally ill persons in Mdantsane in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
- Authors: Kolwapi, Xola Xolani
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Mentally ill -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Police -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , People with disabilities -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Nursing Science)
- Identifier: vital:11902 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/406 , Mentally ill -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Police -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , People with disabilities -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The dissertation argues that police officers are not trained in handling mentally ill persons. Purpose The study explored police officers‟ knowledge of mental illness and skills necessary for handling mentally ill people. Research methods The descriptive quantitative investigation has been used as a research strategy to identify the knowledge and skills of police officers in handling mentally ill persons. Forty five police officers were randomly selected from a population of 136 police officers. A self administered questionnaire was used for collecting data. Data analysis was done manually and frequency distributions, cross-tabulations and correlations were carried out. Results The findings revealed that police officers do not have knowledge and skills to handle mentally ill people. Recommendations It is recommended that mental health care practitioners should engage the police in discussions on training in handling mentally ill people. iv Limitations Due to time and budgetary limitations, the study had to settle for a more modest investigation
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- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Kolwapi, Xola Xolani
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Mentally ill -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Police -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , People with disabilities -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Nursing Science)
- Identifier: vital:11902 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/406 , Mentally ill -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Police -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , People with disabilities -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The dissertation argues that police officers are not trained in handling mentally ill persons. Purpose The study explored police officers‟ knowledge of mental illness and skills necessary for handling mentally ill people. Research methods The descriptive quantitative investigation has been used as a research strategy to identify the knowledge and skills of police officers in handling mentally ill persons. Forty five police officers were randomly selected from a population of 136 police officers. A self administered questionnaire was used for collecting data. Data analysis was done manually and frequency distributions, cross-tabulations and correlations were carried out. Results The findings revealed that police officers do not have knowledge and skills to handle mentally ill people. Recommendations It is recommended that mental health care practitioners should engage the police in discussions on training in handling mentally ill people. iv Limitations Due to time and budgetary limitations, the study had to settle for a more modest investigation
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- Date Issued: 2009
Suicide ideation among police members in the Eastern Cape
- De Bruin, Carmelitia Elmarie
- Authors: De Bruin, Carmelitia Elmarie
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Police -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Suicide , Suicide -- Psychological aspects , Police -- South Africa -- Job stress
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (C Psy)
- Identifier: vital:11852 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/146 , Police -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Suicide , Suicide -- Psychological aspects , Police -- South Africa -- Job stress
- Description: Suicide, the endpoint of the continuum that begins with suicide ideation, is known to be an important precursor of attempted suicides. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of suicide ideation of police members and to determine the differences between suicide ideation of various demographic variables, in particular, the gender, rank and race groups of police members. The convenience sample (N = 111) was drawn from police stations in the Nelson Mandela Metropole in the Eastern Cape Province. The Adult Suicide Ideation Questionnaire (ASIQ) and a Biographical Questionnaire were administered. The results indicated that 1.4 % of the sample showed significant levels of suicidal ideation scoring a high score above 31 (i.e., above the 97th percentile by ASIQ). The T-test, One-way (ANOVA) and the Pearson Chi-Square analysis showed no significant differences between suicide ideation and the demographic variables based on the police station, age, gender, race, rank, years of service, years of current position, educational qualifications, marital status, presence of medical conditions, number of alcoholic drinks consumed per week, smoking behaviour and exercise behaviour. However, participants with previous suicide attempts had significant high scores on ASIQ.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: De Bruin, Carmelitia Elmarie
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Police -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Suicide , Suicide -- Psychological aspects , Police -- South Africa -- Job stress
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (C Psy)
- Identifier: vital:11852 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/146 , Police -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Suicide , Suicide -- Psychological aspects , Police -- South Africa -- Job stress
- Description: Suicide, the endpoint of the continuum that begins with suicide ideation, is known to be an important precursor of attempted suicides. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of suicide ideation of police members and to determine the differences between suicide ideation of various demographic variables, in particular, the gender, rank and race groups of police members. The convenience sample (N = 111) was drawn from police stations in the Nelson Mandela Metropole in the Eastern Cape Province. The Adult Suicide Ideation Questionnaire (ASIQ) and a Biographical Questionnaire were administered. The results indicated that 1.4 % of the sample showed significant levels of suicidal ideation scoring a high score above 31 (i.e., above the 97th percentile by ASIQ). The T-test, One-way (ANOVA) and the Pearson Chi-Square analysis showed no significant differences between suicide ideation and the demographic variables based on the police station, age, gender, race, rank, years of service, years of current position, educational qualifications, marital status, presence of medical conditions, number of alcoholic drinks consumed per week, smoking behaviour and exercise behaviour. However, participants with previous suicide attempts had significant high scores on ASIQ.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
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